Daniel+Kim


 * Week One.**


 * 1.** Apple realized that the mp3 market was still developing and figured that it was critical to distinguish its ipod designs from the rest. Apple relied on a platform design created by a third party called PortalPlayer. Apple and PortalPlayer both agreed to become business partners, and that enabled PortalPlayer to then select other design chain designs and begin the process. In its design process, 4 key criterias were focused on which were unusual for a consumer electronics product (Highest quality sound, off the shelter components, cost, and time to market).


 * 2.** Ives and Jobs worked together to develop the ever successful iMAC. It is noticeable that Apple is focused on being artsy and technological at the same time yet emitting an easy and simplistic feel. Jobs and Ives focused on the little aspects and every single detail that can be seen in their fabulous products. Playing around with the different plastics and metals together enabled new and different designs. Co-molding plastics together gave the products a new edge as it produced new things.


 * 3.** Apple focuses on investing it’s money in making the best design teams. The teams are relatively small because money is spent on the mechanics and equipment rather than focusing on more designers. The reason that other companies fail and cannot surpass Apple is because that their work vision and values are different from Apples. In order to succeed like Apple, risk factors must be calculated. This is why Apple’s products are so recognized around the world.


 * Week Two.**

**1.** · Physical ergonomics is the human body’s responses to physical and physiological workloads. Repetitive strain injuries from repetition, vibration, force, and posture fall into this category. · Cognitive ergonomics deals with the mental processes and capacities of humans when at work. Mental strain from workload, decision-making, human error, and training fall into this category. · Organizational ergonomics deals with the organizational structures, policies and processes in the work environment, such as shift work, scheduling, job satisfaction, motivation, supervision, teamwork, telecommuting, and ethics.

In addition to the advice listed, I would recommend that the trucks come with ergonomically sound seats, such as massage seats and seats that support good postures so the truck drivers don’t stress.
 * 2.** Case 7: Truck Operators

http://www.ultimatebackstore.com/category-exec/category_id/128
 * 3**. Ergonomic seats and cushions.


 * Week Three.**

What I noticed after reading about PERMANET and other designs for Africa was that most of the designs were similar in their characteristics. For example:


 * 1) Simple – the designs were simple enough so that the uneducated and everyone would be able to use these products.
 * 2) Non Expensive – the designs weren’t expensive at all so that everyone would be able to afford the products
 * 3) Practical – the designs weren’t products that would be neglected, as they were designs that actually enhanced people’s lives.
 * 4) Environment Friendly – some of the products I read about reduced emissions, toxic gases, etc. and even reduced the consumer spending money.
 * 5) Localization / Stabilization – since these products enhance peoples lives (saving and reducing), the majority of citizens adapted to these products and many of these products are now becoming localized, so that the whole society as a whole can reduce and save together.


 * Week Four.**

Annie Leonard defines the systems of the materials economy as a system in crisis because it is a linear system and we live in a finite planet. She believes that they cannot both interact because the linear system has limits. Because the system is interacting with the real world, it is also interacting with people. People live and work and revolve around the system.

Extraction is a fancy word that represents demolishment and depletion and that poses a crisis because it means people are cutting out their resources at an increasing rate. People undermine that place they are living. The next step in Production, energy is used to mix toxic chemicals with the natural resources to produce toxic products. Nothing is becoming natural anymore. In distribution, the goal is to sell as many toxic products as fast as possible, by externilizing the cost. In the end everything comes down to one thing, disposal because the things we consume we dont really need. It's a repeating cycle. Incineration is the process when garbage is burned. It pollutes the air by filling it up with more toxic chemicals.

The morale of the video i think is that government must be reorganized so that the country is for the people instead of the government thinking about only satisfying the giant corporations. Annie also states that people have to think differently. A new system that doesnt waste resources and people. People must believe in equity and renewing in order to save the planet.

What is bodystorming?**
 * Week Five

Bodystorming is a technique often utilized by designers in interactive design as a way of expressing creativity. The reason for this is that, bodystorming is to be practiced as if it were an actual product, and act as though it existed in the real world. Practices of this method often include; moving up and down, and trying new things with your body.

Case 1 – Blindness The use of the her other senses were more used and compensated to cover her eye sight. She got around by familiarizing the areas by counting her footsteps to get around. The key to this case was the use of multi-touch for the visually impaired.

Case 2 – ADD One with ADD posed to have a difficult time when asked to complete simple tasks. In this case, the patient had a difficult time reciting phone numbers and completing problems and responded by showing frustration. The solution for this challenge is to create activities specifically targeted towards ADD patients.

Case 3 – Chronic Arthritis The volunteer restricted his limbs. While simulating chronic arthritis he responded by acting more cautiously and was scared of injuring himself. I concluded that people with arthritis should be using user-friendly materials that do not pose a threat to their safety.


 * Week Six:**

David Liddle explains that the adoption of a certain technology passes through three phases. The first stage is for enthusiasts, people who love and enjoy the aesthetic things; people that love exploiting the technology. The fact that the technology is difficult to use added enjoyment. The cameras used in the 1950’s by the astronauts in space often required enormous competence and PHD’s.

The second phase occurs when professionals use the technology also when using the technology becomes stabilized. If everything was controlled and easily understandable it became a practical use. This is what divided the beginners and the professionals; when the professionals did everything manually and they understood everything.

After a product has built big enough volume and stock, it is when people start to reach for an equilibrium price where the camera becomes practical for consumers to buy. When the camera is marketed for consumers everything from controls and processing becomes automatic so that the average Joe can use them. Everything just becomes that much easier. When you buy a 35mm Camera today, EVERYTHING is done automatically and even a Chimpanzee can use the camera David jokes.

Mobile phones for one have undergone a major transformation. In the early days Mobile phones were gigantic and could not fit in the average person's pockets. Enthusiasts believed that mobile phones were meant just for calls. However, as years progressed mobile phones constantly became smaller and smaller and filled with more gadgets that were viewed to be more useful for the average Joe. Nowadays, mobile phones have everything a gadget geek could ask for. Mobile phones usually come with; a camera, calender, games, calculator, etc. You can say that they act like mini computers. Most phones today even have Wi-Fi access which is a plus for business men on the go.


 * Week Seven:**

Description of interaction architecture defined by **Mat Hunter** is as follows; Interaction architecture is a means of self expression and a social enterprise. It is basically a fundamental set of rules that enabled digital cameras to be designed (a whole series). Second aspect of the interaction architecture is how these rules are communicated. According to **Rikako Sakai**; interaction architecture is used for the purpose of making things easier for the user and not too difficult. She innovated and redesigned photo stitching process. Photo stitching was the process of snapping panorama images together by stitching transparent shots over on top of each other. The original process of this was not visible for the users to do. She simplified the steps and made them easier for the users by implementing simple images.

What is a leading question? Leading question forces a certain type of answer. All answers are equally likely there should be an equal amount of answers which are both positive and negative.

What is a Hypothetical question? Hypothetical question are fantasy based and have no relation to reality whatsoever. This type of question makes the questioneered think of something he or she has never considered and this causes a not so clear answer representing real opinion. Try to avoid these questions.

Jan Chipchase works for the Finnish mobile company Nokia and he spends his time travelling around the world and visiting new countries as his duty is to conduct human behavior research. He visits these countries so that he can report back to his company and learn how the technology is being implemented and used. He gives these reportings back to his country so that they in the future can develop mobile phones that can benefit these people’s lives.
 * Week Eight:**

One of the families Jan was observing was that they were lacking space in their home. They hung many things from the walls to save space and to protect their belongings from the monsoon, etc. Chip also noted that the father of the family owned a mobile phone and carried it around in a plastic bag to protect it. People like Jan then report back to Nokia with his findings and he was able to suggest something like maybe adding a hook in some of their phone designs that maybe can benefit families such as the one he observed.

To conclude, Nokia is going to full extent of research and development. Not only are they designing and marketing phones targeted towards mainstream customers, but are also focusing in areas that aren’t so industrialized and taking that into consideration. Nokia treats all of their customers equally and that enables them to create such a diversified set of phones.


 * Week Nine:**

According to Bill Moggridge’s lecture, designing is a collaborative process. This means that the process of designing is done in collaboration. Bill mentioned that the ways of designing are changing such as working with people that the design is intended for. This is a beneficial factor because it gives the designers ideas and they are able to address the needs of the target audience.

Two examples Bill Moggridge uses that require people are the sunglasses by Nike and the steelcase chair. In the case of the sunglasses, Bill mentioned that it is important to know the physical features of humans such as how wide their heads are and where their ears are located to their head. Physical size sense is critical in designing sunglasses. In the case of the chair, you have to have more knowledge in the sense of knowing how the body works and the physiology of the spine.

http://www.ideo.com/work/item/hybrid-electric-vehicle-dashboard-interaction HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE DASHBOARD INTERACTION:

Ford asked IDEO to develop a new HEVDI, and working together IDEO set out to understand what the HEV driving and ownership experience means to current HEV drivers. Like the Ford brand itself, driving a HEV enables a spirit of freedom, but unlike the freedom of Ford’s yesteryear, HEV owners desired freedom from ideas and issues like foreign oil, traffic jams, and chaos, while still yearning for a sense of freedom around time and choice in their driving experience. The team’s field research led to a deep understanding of the consumer, which informed an ownership engagement framework that illustrates the driver’s use and ownership journey and the framework helped demonstrate how HEV drivers are engaging with their cars, from simply understanding them, to other levels of engagement that include informing, educating, practicing, advising, evolving and finally supporting the driver.


 * Week Ten:**

What is Biomimicry? Biomimicry is the practice of designing according to natural principles, has garnered devotees from many industries, producing a wide variety of innovative results.

1. Avian Elements: The Japanese Bullet train can reach speeds of 200mph claiming it to be the fastest in the world. To ensure that it ran quietly at such high speeds, designers’ emulated one of the quietest birds, the owls. By designing small serrations similar to owl feathers, they were able to reduce noise generated by the train’s pantograph

2. Echolocation: A small company in England created the Ultracane which is a device to help the visually impaired through sonar-like technology. It works similarly to how bats navigate in the dark to prevent collisions. The cane sends out soundwaves to notify upcoming objects, etc.

3. Leaving No Trace: Lotus leaves repel water according to researchers and scientists. The structure of the lotus leaves inspired a line of self-cleaning paints from German Company and it required no toxic detergents at all.