Lecture+4

 •   Requirements determination  •   Design cycles  •   Prototyping cycles  •   Testing/Finalization  •   Coordination and scheduling issues - design as socially constrained Norman Principles __**  •   Visibility - irrelevance of dash  •   Consistency in power curve  •   Shifter familiarity and consistency  •   Electronics systems control and feedback  •   Design for zero error and factor of safety  •   Minimal flexibility - designed for one course  •   Quantitative and qualitative feedback  •   Importance of style and packaging  •   Convival (to a degree)  •   “Unconference” on technology and social change  •   Planned on Twitter and Google Groups; recorded in wikis; emergent, open planning <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Saturday, Jan. 24th, 9-5, MaRS Centre <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Tix: [|http://www.changecamp.ca] (first round free tix sold out – others to come…) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Visibility somewhat restricted to users of technology, but extends broadly. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Consistent and familiar - if you know the model (takes getting used to…) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Demands intense user participation – doesn’t work with too many passive participants <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Feedback drives organization – numbers and topics shift as people shift among topics <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Control is limited by design – conviviality is key <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Users and their Requirements <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Conceptual Design <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Physical Design <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Prototyping and Evaluation <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Testing and Finalization <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Balance of Norman principles throughout <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Accessibility <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Acceptability <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> •   Engagement <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Inclusive/universal design principles to address exclusion <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Varying ability is the norm, not the exception <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Designs for people with disabilities work for others too <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Personal user experience is affected by design constraints and choices <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Equitable <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Flexible <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Simple <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Perceptible <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Tolerant <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Effortless <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   “Just right” size and space (p. 53) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Often hard to design everything for everyone - how to decide? <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Fixed/changing - is difference innate and immutable, or learned? <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Common/rare - is difference a reasonably common occurrence? <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Cheap/Expensive - what is the cost of accommodation? <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Dynamics of product acceptability/adoption – strongly influenced by the right mix of PACT <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Right balance more complex than most designers or businesspeople care to admit – many factors unknown or unknowable <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Political - trust, organizational issues <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Network effects – social diffusion of innovations, hubs/links setup <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Convenience – sufficient easy, effortless? <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Cultural or social habits – violation and/or evolution of social norms <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Usefulness - relevance to activities in context <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Economic - price points, changes in business models <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Creation of bond, attachment - a feeling of personal relationship, even anthropomorphism (examples?) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Function of both aesthetics and usability <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Identity - authenticity, cohesion <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Adaptivity - change, personalization <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Narrative - not just product but story <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Immersion - feeling of wholeness, transportation elsewhere <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Flow - clear, fluid, seamless use and transitions among states <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Memory (sensory, working and long-term) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Recall and recognition <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Attention <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Perception <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Gestalt processing <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Representation <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Mental models <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Action and persuasion <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Complex <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Active <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Contextual <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Constructive/Additive <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Short term storage - 30 sec. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Rehearsal and repetition - visual and spatial <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> •   “chunking” - mnemonics and relations help memorizing <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Near unlimited store <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Filtered - most working memory is dumped <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Relational - we remember things in context and connection - whether the connections make sense or not <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Multimodal and complex <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Recall - specific “bits” and their retrieval <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Recognition - relational connections <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Humans are not good at recall, excellent at recognition <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Computers are not good at recognition, excellent at recall <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Design implications? <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Working memory - decay and displacement <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Long-term – changes in time <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   retroactive (new information corrupts connections to old) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   proactive (previous information confounds absorption of new) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   compromised networks (e.g., neurological disorders) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Essential to human activity - a lot of “human error” can be traced to inappropriate or unfocused attention <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Like memory, complex as well, influenced by many factors <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Controlled - focused but limited, slow but thorough, hard to sustain for long periods of time <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Automatic - fast, allows for multitasking, nearly subconscious - but also vague and sporadic <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Central/peripheral processing <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Vigilance <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Mental/physical workload <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Stress and frustration <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Competing things to attend to  <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •    Time pressures <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> •   Design implications? .
 * __ Class 4: Other Principles and Cognitive Psychology/Design Intro  __**
 * __ Cornell FSAE example  __**
 * __ Variations on
 * __ ChangeCamp  __**
 * __ Variations on Norman’s Principles  __**
 * __ (Universal?) Elements of Design  __**
 * __ Other principles…  __**
 * __ Accessibility  __**
 * __ Principles of Universal Design  __**
 * __ Accessibility Decision Tree  __**
 * Acceptability **
 * __ Factors influencing Acceptability  __**
 * __ Engagement  __**
 * __ Functions of Engagement  __**
 * __ Important Elements of Cognitive Psychology  __**
 * __ Memory is…  __**
 * __ Working/Short-Term  __**
 * __ Long-Term  __**
 * __ Recall and Recognition  __**
 * __ Forgetting  __**
 * __ Attention  __**
 * __ Controlled vs. Automatic  __**
 * __ Factors influencing attention  __**