Theresa+Valladolid

= w - e - l - c - o - m - e  = =to THERESA VALLADOLID 's page! =  =Week 9: Design as a Collaborative Process = Bill Moggridge defines 'design as a collaborative process' as a way in which designers can have a better understanding in the way that individuals think when interacting with a product involving cultural differences, sociology (connection between individuals), and anthropology. He believes that the best way to tackle these design issues are working with individuals ranging in backgrounds. Working in a team and promoting togetherness and the benefits of the "shared" mind being a much more effective way in creating brainstorming results rather than thinking independently.

Moggridge's company, IDEO, focuses on designing with specific intentions. It's all about understanding people in a physical manner and achnowledge

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= = =Week 8: Human-Centered Design Case Study on Cell Phones in Developing Countries = = = <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Chipcase works as a behaviour research for Nokia, travelling to and from small developing economies to collect information on how these cell phone users utilize the technology in their daily lives. He did so to increase the efficiency of the phone and to also improve the economy in the developing areas. The range of service of the cell phone network can now cater up to 80% of the worlds population, and provides an economizing route for developing nations to better adapt and predict the amount and the way in which they use their resources. These resources further develop he economy by allowing them to use the cell phone to contact customers, advertise services and keep in contact with customers without having to be face-to-face.

Chipchase travels to villiages to interview and capture the faily experiences of the cell phone users who depend on the service to bring items to their families. Chipchase will lof interviews, take images of the work places, homes, and even handbags. This help him to grasp a better understanding of the identity, and culture of the users, tending to the features that they may require in their unique daily activites.

Cellphone useage in developing areas act as a mobilizing devicem reducing the distance and amount of waste, while increasing the profitability and market size. Users use pre-paid airtime casts as a way to transfer money to their families. The village phone businesses deliver the money, charging a small fee. Telecommunication is an important key to developing countries as a basic means of mobilizing their resources effectively. This provices a means to develop an economy without a dependence on aid programs that often lose effectiveness due to administration. It is promoting entrepreneurship which aid in empowering individuals.

=<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Week 7: <span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64);">Interaction Architecture and Designing a Questionnaire <span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64);"> =

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 * <span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64);">Hunter ||** When working with Kodak in 1995, Hunter worked to further develop the digital camera. Hunter and Kodak understood that the camera was no longer just about capturing and image, it was becoming more about reviewing the image, sharing the image e-mailing, ordering prints, or even deleting the image. In order to manage these functions, interaction architecture that allows not only one camera to be designed, but a series. The design was prototyped with a big box connected to a Mac tower computer running Macromedia Director, crafting the user interface allowing the user to review the image and delete it, while also allowing the camera to send images to a television. This was a quick and powerful way to communicate not only the functions and features, but the way the camera and the functions felt while being used.======

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 * Sakai ||** Sakai works with Canon in developing Photostitch. Photostitch is a stitch assisting moe for cameras to allow the user to easily create their own panographic images without difficult post processing. To simplify the process, Sakai decided to use the interface to describe the process rather than through a step by step method. Within the interface, an animation is create to portray the method of dragging and dropping the previous image with the current one. This simple animation helped new and unfamiliar to the technology users to better understand the steps involved with stitching the images together.======

A leading questions is a question that already implies a certain answer, or provides answers that only cover a certain range of answers. In order to prevent asking these types of questions the question must remain neutral while providing a wide range of answers that are equally distributed. The phrasing of a wuestion is also important, the negative and positive connotations of a question must be mied into the questionnaire, and if a large population is being surveyed, various versins should be created to reduce this effect.
 * Leading Questions**

Hypothetical questions are questions that ask the individual something he or she may be never considered before. This relies too heavily on fantasy or conjecture, a unsatisfactory basis for answering a questionnaire. The questions must be focused and direct, and must be constrained to provide data about the user's opinion.
 * Hypothetical Questions**

=<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Week 6: <span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64);">Three Phrases for the Adoption of a Technology = Enthusiast Stage ** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The first stage in the process is where enthusiasts who appreciate the new technology through an aesthetic point of view. The astronauts in Apollo 13, 1950s, used the 35 mm camera and needed a PhD in optics to operate it. After the enthusiasts have a better understanding on the new technology they try to uncover practical use for it. This ignites new ideas for broad usage, making it the exploitation stage.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Three Stages of Adoption

**<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Professional Stage **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> The second stage in the process is where the piece of technology has gained enough recognition amongst the enthusiasts and is seen as a useful tool in the workplace. Certain standards start to appear in the equipment as the technology become more widely used. With the camera, similarities amongst models began to appear, such as placement of the film, the viewfinder, and the shutter button. Thus, making the product a stabilized one.

**<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Consumer Stage The third stage in the process is when the camera becomes practical for consumers. The 35 mm is now made to be universally useable. For example the flash being set automatically. Everything in the process is done for you, making it a product that would fit everyone and is easy to use.

An example of a product that has undergone similar developments is the telephone **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">

=<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);"> Week 5: <span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64);">Bodystorming =

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<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif';">**<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Bodystorming **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> is used within project teams to act out issues, techniques, interfaces and designs. **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Bodystorming **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> manifests ideas into objects and situations to reveal the kinds of relationships that occur through social and cultural interactions between people. Bodystorming is the transformation of abstract ideas and concepts into physical experiences. (Proboscis) à ===== <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">

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 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Case #1 - Blindness: **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> The first participant was blindfolded to stimulate everyday tasks of a blind person. The participant experienced an increase in her other senses throughout the simulation, which were her auditory and tactile senses. She would use the walking stick to help aid her to walk up the stairs, using the stick to mentally count the number of steps and how high each step would be. She would use tactile senses to find the elevator button and auditory senses to hear when the elevator arrived. Using her auditory and tactile senses gave her a better understanding of her surrounding obstacles. This provided research into multi-sensory approaches like touch and sound. =====

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 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Case #2 - ADD: **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> The second participant was asked to memorize and recite phone numbers while solving math problems on his DS, this simulates ADD. In the background the television volume is up creating additional distractions. While he is solving the math problems he is being asked to listen and repeat a phone number given to him. With the numerous amount of distractions the participant grew frustrated, thus leading to anger, displeasure and lower self-esteem. He was unable to recite the phone number. =====

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 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Case # 3 - Chronic Arthritis: **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> The third participant simulated the pain and immobility of someone with chronic arthritis. He did so by taping pens to his fingers and throwing a glove over it, thus constricting movement. The participant stated that he was in constant fear of injury during kitchen tasks, although it seemed to be a very calm environment. The participant found that he was putting more energy into cutting the cucumber, which increased his body temperature, resulting in fear and anxiety. The participant demonstrated the requirement for usable space, safe materials, and tangible objects when dealing with chronic arthritis and any other immobility disorders. =====

**<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Bibliography: **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> []
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<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> =<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Week 4: <span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64);">The Story of Stuff =

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Annie Leonard defines the materials economy as a linear system through which 'stuff' experiences its cycle of life, that is, from extraction to production, production to distribution, distribution to consumption and consumption to disposal. //__<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Extraction: __//<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">extraction is a fancy word for natural resource exploitation which is a fancy word for trashing the planet. What this looks like is we chop down trees, we blow up mountains to get the metals inside, we use up all the water and we wipe out the animals.

Bodystorming is used within project teams to act out issues, techniques, interfaces and designs. Bodystorming manifests ideas into objects and situations to reveal the kinds of relationships that occur through social and cultural interactions between people. Bodystorming is the transformation of abstract ideas and concepts into physical experiences. //__<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Production: __//<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> The materials that have been extracted move to “production“ which use energy to mix toxic chemicals with the natural resources to make toxic contaminated products. There are over 100,000 synthetic chemical. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Only a handful of these have been tested for human health impacts and NONE of them have been tested for synergistic health impacts. //__<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Distribution: __//<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> distribution means “selling toxic contaminated junk as quickly as possible.” The goal here is to keep the prices down, keep the people buying and keep the inventory moving. It’s all about externalizing the costs. What that means is the real costs of making stuff aren’t captured in the price. In other words, we aren’t really paying for the stuff we buy. //__<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Consumption: __//<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> (known as the golden arrow) of consumption. Protecting this arrow is a top priority because after 9/11, President Bush could have suggested any number of appropriate things: to grieve, to pray, to hope. Rather, he told Americans to shop. We have become a nation of consumers. Our primary identity has become that of a consumer. The primary way that our value is measured and demonstrated is by how much we contribute to this arrow, how much we consume. We shop to keep the materials flowing. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> //__<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Disposal: __//<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> It all goes in the garbage. The average American produces 4 1/2 lbs of garbage a day. All of this garbage [stuff we bought] either gets dumped in a landfill, which is just a big hole in the ground, or it’s burned in an incinerator and then dumped in a landfill. Either way, both pollute the air, land, water and, changes the climate.

She stresses to the viewer that the system is in crisis because it is a continuously running linear system with finite resources. Resources are limited, but the operations of the linear system is not, resulting in a growing shortage of materials for the system. Both human and natural resources are being exploited to satisfy the ever growing demand for products. Consumption is the main driver of the system. Ensuring continued consumption has become the main priority of the government and corporations. She states that 99% of materials produced are disposed within 6 months! This shows how prevalent consumption is in America today, it has become a way of life. This happened as a result of the depression experienced after World War II, where America was urged to spend in order to get the economy back on track. Too much emphasis is being placed on the economy, which is supported by consumption. If consumption falls, the economy weakens, and overall standards of living decline. Corporations are depending on planned obsolescence and perceived obsolescence which drives disposal of perfectly useful products. Despite growing spending (which satisfies needs and fills voids), happiness is falling. People are spending enormous amounts of time and energy on working in order to be able to spend, leaving no time for the ideals and things that really matter and add to aggregate happiness, such as family and friends.

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> =<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Week 3: <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; color: rgb(64, 64, 64);">Design for the Other 90%' at the Cooper Hewitt Museum = <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Tutorial Question: Choose a country on the web site's map, and read through the description of the products designed for that country. List five characteristics of socially responsible product design.

I chose to read through the description of products designed for South America. Five characteristics of socially responsible product design include: 1. **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Affordability: **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> eg. //<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">AMD Personal Internet Communicator //<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> -- internet access 2. **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Increasing use of solar power: **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> eg. //<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Solar Air. //<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Solar-powered hearing aid battery recharger 3. **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Environment friendly: **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> eg. //<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Sugarcane charcoal //<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> instead of wood charcoal. (wood charcoal = deforestation) 4. **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Up to pace with recent technologies: **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> eg. O //<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">ne laptop per child. //<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> designed as an educational tool to bring learning, information and communication to developing countries. 5. **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Increase profit/diminish costs: **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> eg. water purification service which can generate income

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> =<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Week 2: <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; color: rgb(64, 64, 64);">Ergonomics = <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">

**<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Examples of Ergonomics, Task Analysis and Seven Case Studies **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> • List the three definitions of **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">'ergonomics' **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">. 1. __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Physical Ergonomics __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">: a. This type of ergonomics is concerned with human anatomical, anthropometric, physiological and biomechanical characteristics relating to physical activity. (E.g. working postures, materials handling, repetitive movements, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, workplace layout, safety and health.) 2. __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Cognitive Ergonomics __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">: a. This type of ergonomics is concerned with mental processes, such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system. (E.g. mental workload, decision-making, skilled performance, human-computer interaction, human reliability, work stress and training as these may relate to human-system design.) 3. __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Organisational Ergonomics: __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> a. This type of ergonomics is concerned with the optimisation of sociotechnical systems, including their organisational structures, policies, and processes. (E.g. communication, crew resource management, work design, design of working times, teamwork, participatory design, community ergonomics, cooperative work, new work paradigms, organisational culture, virtual organisations, telework, and quality management.)

• Read each of the task analyses and case studies at **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">http://www.ergonomics.org.au/ergonomics/case_studies.html#case6 **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">. Choose one of the case studies, and add an additional recommendation to one of them in step two as 'advice'. __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Step Two: Advice __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> - In addition to moving the sideboard to a more central location, it should also be considered that it is in a more open space, reducing the chance of collision between serveers during peak periods.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Case Study 2: Hospitality and Serving Food **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">

• **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Find an example of a product which is ergonomically sound, and add a link to an article about this product. **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> This ergonomically designed bed is called “Invacare Signature Series Adjustable Bed Twin XL Royal Rest Mattress” which was invented for ultimate relaxation and comfort while you sleep. If you click the link below you will find the features about this ergonomically sound product. http://www.livingincomfort.com/mm13505.html

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> =<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Week 1 =