Anisha+Tailor

The MP3 player market was still in the early stages, and Apple saw their opportunity to get into the action before anyone else. They took on a design from a company from PortalPlayer (apparently because their products produced the best sound). All parties involved (including third parties) signed a nondisclosure contract to keep the details secret. Some of these third parties provided means to other things that sped up the design process. Part of the design chain involved off-the-counter components that could be integrated with the iPod. Apple outsourced in a way to get the iPod designed and manufactured quickly, but when it came down to it, the design was there's.
 * Tutorial Week 1 **
 * Question: Describe the unusual business model used in the ipod's fabrication as developed by Apple.**

Jobs and Ives pay a lot of attention to detail. For example, they though about not just designing a computer that is easy to use, but a computer that is easy to move. A new material is Polymer plastic that is easy to mould, and co-mould with other materials such as metal. Melding metal together to create no-openings in iPods and keep them compact is another new material/method.
 * Question: What distinguishes the work of the team of Jobs and Ive in relation to products designed by Apple? What new materials are enabling different design?**

Apple’s design team is small and works together on a limited number of projects that focuses on tools, processes, materials and purposes. The design team, who are from all around the globe, keeps their design and project secrets to themselves and recognition from each other seems to be enough for them. Their studio, which has a huge sound system, is an open concept, yet has privacy. The team leading innovators in the use of new materials and production processes and don’t just build products. Other companies has steered clear of risks, but are now putting focus into design.    1. Physical ergonomics is concerned with human anatomical, anthropometric, physiological and biomechanical characteristics as they relate to physical activity. The relevant topics include working postures, materials handling, repetitive movements, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, workplace layout, safety and health. 2. Cognitive ergonomics is concerned with mental processes, such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system. The relevant topics include mental workload, decision-making, skilled performance, human-computer interaction, human reliability, work stress and training as these may relate to human-system design. 3. Organisational ergonomics is concerned with the optimisation of sociotechnical systems, including their organisational structures, policies, and processes. The relevant topics include communication, crew resource management, work design, design of working times, teamwork, participatory design, community ergonomics, cooperative work, new work paradigms, organisational culture, virtual organisations, telework, and quality management. [|Goldtouch ergonomic keyboard] 
 * Question: Describe the importance of Apple's design team. Are other companies trying to compete with Apple by creating their own design teams?**
 * Tutorial Week 2 ** 
 * List the three definitions of 'ergonomics'.** 
 * Find an example of a product which is ergonomically sound, and add a link to an article about this product **

 The continent I chose is Australia and New Zealand:  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Aquastar plus! and flow through - it is used to treat unsafe water in large batches <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Permanet - it is a net that kills and repels mosquitoes. It lasts longer than the regular treated nets, and has low re-treatment rateshealth. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Solar home lighting systems - allows people to have wireless lighting allowing for work in the evening and more light for studying which in turn increases productivity and income <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Sugarcane charcoal - it is an alternative to wood charcoal. It aids to prevent deforestation and i used from the waste of sugarcane <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Water storage system - plastic storage bags are put into dugouts in the ground to collect water fro rainstorms. this is done at a very low cost. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * Tutorial Week 3**
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Choose a country on the web site's map, and read through the description of the products designed for that country. List five charateristics of socially responsible product design. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

The materials economy is a linear system of extraction to production to distribution to consumption to disposal, which is a system in crisis. A linear system on a finite planet doesn’t work indefinitely. It interacts with societies, cultures, economies, the environments and all these have their limits. People live and work all along the system. Ssome people are worth more than others like the government and the corporation (which is bigger and more important than the government) Extraction is natural resource exploitation or trashing the planet. We are running out of resources and using too much stuff (Trees, fishing, water, metal, oil). The USA is using the resources from the third world because they don’t have enough of their own. The people in power believe if you don’t own (the natural resources) or buy anything, you have no value. The resources then move to production which uses energy and mixes toxic chemicals which in turn produces toxic products. The erosion of local economies in the third world ensures a constant supply of people with no other option than to work in the production facilities that give them a high exposure to these toxins. The production factories are producing pollution which releases toxins into the air and then goes into our bodies and there is a limit to how much we can withstand Also the toxic contaminated products are then distributed as quickly as possible. The goal is to keep the prices down, keep the people buying and keep the inventory moving. Prices are kept low by store workers not getting paid much and externalizing the cost. The real cost is not captured in the price. We don’t pay for the goods. The loss of natural resources, loss of clean air, loss of kids’ futures, etc are the real costs that are accounted for. The golden arrow of consumption – a nation of consumers. Our value is measured by how much we contribute to the arrow and how much we consume. 99% of the stuff we buy is trashed within 6 months. This was designed to happen purposely. To make the economy productive, we need to make consumption our way of life. The ultimate purpose is to produce more consumer goods. Planned obsolescence – “designed for the dump” – is things that are made to be useless as quickly as possible so we’ll throw it out and buy new ones. Perceived obsolescence convinces us to throw away stuff that is still perfectly useful, by changing the way stuff looks. Others know when we haven’t bought new stuff and contributed to the arrow, therefore you aren’t as valuable. (ex. Fashion). Advertisement helps us to contribute to the arrow. They make us unhappy with what we have. Because we have more stuff, we have less leisure time for the stuff that makes us truly happy. It becomes a work-watch-spend cycle. All this stuff needs to get disposed of. It goes out in the garbage in either a landfill or goes in an incinerator. This pollutes the land, air and water and creates more toxins. Recycling helps, but not enough. A lot of garbage can’t even be recycled. A new system needs to be created based on sustainability and equity <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #de0d0d; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Tutorial Week 4 **<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * The Story of Stuff** <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

Visual impairment – The person felt disoriented, and had a heightened sense of and use of other senses in her decision making. The use of multi-sensory approaches like sound and touch is one way to help. She tried to memorize the landscape around her to forecast her movements and help get around. Cognitive – He had problems completing tasks, and this had a negative affect on him which therefore affected his self-esteem. To assist the person, clear narration needed to be used and the use of enjoyable yet challenging activities to enhance attention skills can be used. Motor – He had a constant fear of injury which leads to apprehension under the simplest of conditions. This took more energy then needed causing his body temperature to rise and his anxiety level to rise. You can install passing routes, lots of space, and objects made out of safe and unbreakable materials to raise the person’s confidence and to increase the amount of interaction they can have with objects. One technology that can be used if further enhanced is speech recognition software. new system needs to be created based on sustainability and equity <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; text-align: center; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msoansilanguage: EN-CA; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 1. Enthusiasts – Enthusiasts love and appreciate technology in an aesthetic way. They enjoy exploiting it, even though it can be difficult to use. In early 50s, you nearly needed a PhD in optics to operate a camera. 2. Business user - When there’s enough enthusiasts, one of them will use it in their work and use it in a practical way. They want to show how much productivity it can give you. It then was used by professional photographers. The controls became stabilized. 3. Consumer – When it has built big enough volumes through a business phase it reaches price point (practical for customers to purchase). The priorities of the product change. Consumers want to fit in with a certain style and show who they are. They want to show how they can use it and enjoy its capabilities. Most of the important controls become automatic. Today, the camera sets different aspects automatically. Another product that has undergone similar developments is the internet. (Enthusiasts) It was first used by the military and the government to communicate with each. (Business) It was then used by educational institutes like universities. (Consumer) Today it is used by anyone who has access to it for a huge variety of reasons. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #de0d0d; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Tutorial Week 5 **<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * Experience a Disability** <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #de0d0d; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Tutorial Week 6 **<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #de0d0d; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Three phases for adoption technology **<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

Mat Hunter **–** He was looking to design a digital camera for Kodak and needed to consider the functions of it. Interaction architecture was something he came up with which meant a system of rules that would allow multiple cameras to be designed and how they would communicate it. They didn’t want something that just involved a manual; they wanted something that focused on the experience of using the camera. A leading question leads the respondent to a certain kind of answer. The answers need to be within the range that you are looking for, but also a range that fits with the respondents’ answers. Hypothetical questions are involves having the respondent imagine that they are in a certain, theoretical situation and what they would in said situation. The respondent would have to think of something that they may not have considered before, thus resulting in inconsistent data. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #de0d0d; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Tutorial Week 7 **<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * Interaction architecture**
 * Questionnaires**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**The role of cell phones in the developing world for Nokia:** <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; msobidifontweight: bold;">Some say that international aid should be put into growing the economy of developing countries and one way to do this is will cell phones. It allows people to keep in touch with their employer. They are now able to be reached and can increase their productivity and security. This is a bottom-up approach which empowers the individual, as oppose to the top-down approach where aid must go through (and get filtered by) the government first. The phone is also being adapted and used for other things. It has been developed into a grass root mobile banking forum. Developed by the people who use it, it has become another way in which phones enhance the lives of people in developing countries. Not only do these people have a way to control and transfer their money, it further brings them into the economy. The phone is also becoming an instrument of power (example: blocking out cell phones for a certain period to decrease the amount of information flow during an election in Kenya). But with more and more people owning cell phones, other technologies like watches and cameras are no longer sought after since they can do the same things with their phones. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**Benefits of analyzing cell phone use:** <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; msobidifontweight: bold;">By analyzing cell phone use, you know what the users are using the phones for and knowing this allows for them to tap into the only market left in the world that doesn’t own cell phones: the poor and illiterate. They can restructure developing countries if done the right way. They have an economizing effect. More and more people in developing countries are abandoning government run telecom companies for cell phones. Cell phones don’t require a land line and fixed address, nor does it require maintenance. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**Design in different cultures as part of their market expansion:** <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; msobidifontweight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Cell phones should be designed around a human-centered design - something that is not intimidating and easy to use which will lead people to buy the product. The phone needs to acknowledge problems that people in this market face on a daily basis: can it be fixed on the side of the street, can is endure all kinds of weather, is it durable in the sense that it won’t break easily if dropped, can it connect to signal in a rural area? They need to break these barriers in order for a cell phone to be useful to these people. The use of icons as well as words for those that are illiterate make cell phones more accessible. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #de0d0d; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Tutorial Week 8 **

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">**Design as a collaborative process**: it is interdisciplinary as in: many disciplines (industrial and graphic design, ergonomics, HCI, integration and web design, software engineering, computer science, etc) all work together in the designing process. It involves the people you are designing for and work with the people who use the product. All these different aspects must work together. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">**Participatory design example**: integrating surgeons into the design process of the tools for throat surgery that they use as they are the ones who know what they want out of them. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">** Tutorial Week 10 – Biomimicry: Janine Benyus and the Biomimicry Institute and Guild **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #de0d0d; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Tutorial Week 9 **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">