Akashdeep+Sekhon

 The unusual business model used in iPod's fabrication involves the use of multiple outside supplier which produce different components of the iPod. This is unusual business model for an electronics company because all work is usually done in class. Outsourcing, Apple leverages the expertise of its suppliers which reduces the risk and cost with developing all its components. The disadvantages if that Apple does not have sole control over the use of the components.  
 * Week 1: **
 * Question: Describe the unusual business model used in the iPod's fabrication as developed by Apple. **

Steve Jobs establishes core values which enforce the innovation or design of a product. On the other hand Ive has great knowledge of how products are made with great detail and simplicity. A new material which enables different design is the twin shooting. This material enables the developer to mould different plastics together. The iPods are made out of this material which allows for no openings for fasteners or battery doors are completely sealed.   Apple’s design teams are crucial because they hold they hold the key to their success. Apple tends to keep their design team small and limit the amount of projects that they take on. Failing is not an option as they strive to further succeed themselves.  Competition has finally been in talks about design. Being a competitor of Apple, that would mean a lot of catching up with the high standards set by Apple. Competition are not very keen in taking big risks as there is usually not a lot of evidence that certain innovations will produce higher profits. Competition may acknowledge the need and importance of setting up a design team but it looks unlikely that attempts of setting one up will be a threat to Apple. 
 * Question: What distinguishes the work of the team of Jobs and Ive in relation to products designed by Apple? What new materials are enabling different design? **
 * Question: Describe the importance of Apple's design team. Are other companies trying to compete with Apple by creating their own design teams? **


 * Week 2:**

**Physical ergonomics ** focuses on the human body and how it relates to physical activity, looking at topics such as repetitive movements and posture. Choose one of the case studies, and add an additional recommendation to one of them in step two as 'advice'. ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Case Study 5: Shopping Centre, Car Park and Pedestrian Access <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Advice: Open up the parking lot for providing more space for pedestrians, shoppers, delivery trucks etc. This will improve accessibility for all individuals. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Find an example of a product which is ergonomically sound, and add a link to an article about this product. **
 * List the three definitions of 'ergonomics'. **
 * Cognitive Ergonomics** is concerned with mental processes such as decision-making and human reliability.
 * Organizational ergonomics** deals with getting the best out of socio-technical systems including topics such as communications and work design. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">

<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A low back chair which helps gives comfort or prevents low back injury. Excess time spent in a normal chair can lead to horrible back problems. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> http://www.shopzilla.com/global-industries-malaga-31413-low-back-ergonomic/579035869/shop <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">

List five characteristics of socially responsible product design. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> South America <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; msofareastlanguage: EN-CA; mso-list: Ignore; msolist: Ignore; msoansilanguage: EN-CA; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">1. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Easy and cheap access to simple computer functions which includes internet. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; msofareastlanguage: EN-CA; mso-list: Ignore; msolist: Ignore; msoansilanguage: EN-CA; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">2. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Provide communication, learning and information for the children. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; msofareastlanguage: EN-CA; mso-list: Ignore; msolist: Ignore; msoansilanguage: EN-CA; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">3. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Install solar power and solar aided battery chargers for children with hearing disabilities. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; msofareastlanguage: EN-CA; mso-list: Ignore; msolist: Ignore; msoansilanguage: EN-CA; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">4. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Provide water purification services to generate income <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; msofareastlanguage: EN-CA; mso-list: Ignore; msolist: Ignore; msoansilanguage: EN-CA; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">5. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Alternative for environmental degradation/deforestation. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Write three paragraphs on how Annie Leonard defines the system of the 'materials economy' and describe its interactions. ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">According to Annie Leonard defines the material economy as products that go through a linear system. There are five stages in which products go through: extraction, production, distribution, consumption and disposal. This linear system does not cover all parts of the production line because Annie states that it is a linear system within a finite planet. There are “limits” within this system such as individuals, societies and coporations that hold back the cycle. Out of the 100 largest economies, 51 of them are corporations, and the government caters to these power houses. Corporations try to make as much profit as possible and with the help of government they can easily boycott the cycle to cater to their own needs. Furthermore the author examines each stage in relation to the product and environment as well as their interactions between each other. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> The first stage is the exploitation of natural resources. Through exploitation we are running out or resources because we are using too much of it and the planet is unable to keep up with the renewal of natural resources. The next stage is then taken into production. Toxic chemicals are added to the natural resources which produce toxic products. The people that live in this world also are being wasted in production because we consume of these productions. Corporations are finding natural resources and forcing people to move into the cities and there they consume products. After the product is created, the next stage that occurs is the distribution to stores, storages, and facilities. Companies sell their "junk" as quickly as possible trying to keep the prices low and pay low wages to workers to ensure quick inventory turnover. The next step is the most crucial on the linear system which is consumption. Our identity is based on what we consume and how much. Advertisements and the media are a key factor in consumption; in the US alone there are 3000 advertisements a day. We see everything we want and about 99% of the resources we have are thrown out within six months.
 * Week 3:**
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Choose a country on the web site's map, and read through the description of the products designed for that country.
 * Week 4:**

All of these stages occur without the attention of the consumer because we only worry about the consumption. But when the time this ‘mania’ of consumption exploded, statistics showed that the happiness of Americans began to decline. The reason for this was because people have more stuff and work hard for it, but it results in less leisure time. It creates an endless cycle of work to earn money, rest at home and watch TV that tells them they need new products, go out and buy new products and go back to work to earn more money. She concludes by stating that this is a system in crisis, but it is not one without hope. There are a lot of intervention points, and there are people working to make changes in environment and human rights. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">
 * Week 5:**

The participant in case one tried to experience visual impairment by putting a blindfold on herself. The participant reported that she was relying heavily on other senses to make decision like auditory and tactile senses. Duration of her experiment she adapted skills like mental mapping. An example was when she counted the steps mentally by using the cane. For feedback researchers realized the significant ideas of multi-sensory approaches which gives information on the impact of using sound and touch to help people with visual disabilities. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Case two the participant had to bodystorm a person with an attention deficit disorder (ADD). The participant had to recite a phone number while solving math problems with an interactive gaming system. The participant reported difficulty in performing the task with the addition of constant frustration. Participant’s failing to give correct phone number concludes that clear recitation to aid user and present enjoyable yet challenging activities is the most significant key to improve attention.
 * 1. Visual Impairment**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">2. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) **

The participant experienced the immobility and suffering of chronic arthritis with taping his fingers with pens/pencils and wearing a glove over top. He reported that he felt worried and had a constant fear of injury even in undemanding conditions while cutting cucumbers. His body temperature increased which added more to his anxiety. His experience provided insights on using accessible routes passing space, and tangible objects composed of safe materials to decrease the fear of participation. The conclusion was that to empower the user and enhance interaction, speech recognition systems should be further researched. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The example of the camera, David Liddle shows its interactions with the three stages of new technology adoption. Enthusiast, Professional stage, and consumer stage are the stages explained. Enthusiasts embrace the technology, have an appreciation for it, and with the complexity of using it, it adds to the excitement. Enthusiasts of the camera are quite familiar with all of its functions and have a clear understanding of how it is operated. Profession stage: at this stage, the technology is still raw and it rquires time and effort to use it effectively. The product still is somewhat evaluated and possible adjusted until it gathers enough momentum to be ready for the wide-scale distribution. People were not just using the camera for fascination but rather to aid in the work in which it be handy. Consumer user stage: this is the last stage of adoption. After it leaves the business phase, the camera then enters the consumer phase. This phases acknowledges that the technology is available in great volumes and has definitive price points. Outside of the camera usage and fascination, the technology’s spread creates a personalized addition to one's life. The product has become easier to use and widely accessible. The demands of the consumer are for the product to be efficient and easy to use. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. Chronic Arthritis **
 * Week 6**
 * Week 7**
 * Mat Hunter** defines the concept of "interaction architecture" in relation to Kodak as a series of cameras which are to be designed. A prototype was created for a user's experience and also was created to communicate feedback/results. This prototype featured an interface on the camera which was gave the users to take pictures. Not only did it allow them to take pictures but to delete them, send them around, and share them. Kodak took the prototype and all of the feedback that was given and transformed and implemented into one of the best selling cameras.
 * Rikako Sakai:** described PhotoStitch, a program (software) for digital cameras, where a person could stitch two images together. The user then could adjust the position of the camera so it would match up to the original image, that would make the original image and current images transparent. A problem with this software is that the structure was not visible for a user and there was a lot of steps for the process. Furthere more, changes were made using tabs, interfaces, and animation were implemented for the helpf of beginners. Sakai says that she got her idea from watching people and concluding the cause of the software problems.
 * A leading question** is one that forces or implies a certain type of answer.Wording of a question can lead for an intended answer or choices provided can be leading to an intended answer. All answers should be presented that they all will be equally likely to be selected. A leading question can lead to a biases.
 * Hypothetical questions** are questions that force the respondent to imagine a situation or issue that he/she has never thought to. Hypothetical questions should not be used in questionnaires.


 * Week 8**

Jan Chipchase is a “Human-behaviour researcher” or a “User anthropologist” at Nokia. A main job that Jan Chipchase does is analyze human behaviour for the company and gather information for the development of technology and marketing activities. He travels around globally to third world countries where majority of the population cannot afford cell phones. He then analyzes these people, their culture, and environment. From the information that Jan Chipcase displays, Nokia then designs their products and searches for the best marketing price according to affordability for third world countries. Chipcase’s role is very important for the people in the third world country as he is the one that searches and watches for their needs and then addresses the concerns to Nokia. Analyzing people, culture, and environment not only benefits Nokia in the division of marketing but it also caters to different cultures that are often ignored by the larger telecommunication providers. Within this case the cell phone is an important communication tool for everyday lives and business use. Major corporations focus their design of products based on a mass culture and they fail to acknowledge and incorporate the needs of minority cultures. Condusint studies like Jan Chipchase’s and looking for the needs of different cultures it benefits both the consumers and the producers. Consumers are looked after to according to their needs and the producer (Nokia) benefits from expanding successfully of diverse markets.


 * Week 9**

Bill Moggride definds "Design as a collaborative process" as a combination of inputs from different parties rather then just having one design team. Ideas from different disciplines and influences are brought together and combined together into a collaborative process. Different input, views, idea from different diversities, backgrounds, and mentalities are incorporated into a successful design which are tailored to a range of people and their needs. It is also important to have the future users of the future product assist with the designing process as it is the product that is being designed for them. One example used by Bill Marridge is Gyrus. Gyrus is a company made up surgeons which look at the ear, throat, and nose. In the design process for a surgery machine these surgeons were included. Since the surgeons were being built a machine and they were part o the process it made them feel as if it was their own project and wanted to contribute more. There was a push to excel as best as possible and that lead the surgeons to become more effective in the process of design. Another example that was used by Bill Morridge is the American Red Cross. Red Cross wanted to expand and get the attention of more givers of blood. The Red Cross then redesigned their carts and sterilized equipment properly. In hopes of bringing more people out to give blood, the donours of blood were implemented into the marketing campaigns, also they were encouraged to write or just spread the word to why people should help and donate blood.

Wikispaces for cct333 and the final group project is a collaborative design as there are two or more people working together towards an intersection of common goals. They are giving their feedback, input, ideas and in-between collaborating. Outsiders can also provide feedback on our design and they can be incorporated into the collaborative design process.

Web accessibility is the practise of making websites more usable for people of all abilities and disabilities. People with disabilities can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with websites with ease. The beneficiaries from accessible websites are the disabled and the normal people. People with disabilities can view, understand, and process information more efficiently with minor difficulties. It encourages the disabled to expand their learning and view content that they never could before. Companies benefit from having accessible websites through drawing a greater crowd and not limiting their customers strictly to those who are not disabled. It is also morally admirable, viewed as spending time and money to not discriminate against those who are differently abled. Yes websites/blogs should be accessible because we are fading away the minority and discriminating to the disabled. By having websites/blogs accessible people are contributing to humanity and giving fair chances to the disabled to view the same content as we normal people would. Since Canada is a country full off different diversities and we take rights and freedoms to great meaning, we need to capitalize on the fact that their are people in the world who are disabled. Not everyone is made a like but we should strive to make information available to whomever and whenever. The biggest challenge for accessibility in website designs would be trying to incorporate every disabled person's needs into something that is aesthetically pleasing. Different users of websites have different needs and different disabilities. Trying to perfect a system that works with a variety of disabilities factors is challenging.
 * Week 11**